1. Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.
[句子主干]Arguing from the view that humans are…, extremists of this…
[翻譯技巧]in every relevant respect譯成“各相關方面”,不要把respect 譯成“尊重”;extremists為極端主義者;let outside the area of moral choice譯成“不在道德范圍內,不關乎道德”。
2. When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
[句子主干]When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is ….instinct…, an instinct that should be…
[語法難點]以冒號為界,將全句分成兩個復合句。前面的復合句里,時間狀語從句when that happens敘述的是前一句to see…的情形的出現。That修飾這種行為,主句表明這種行為并不錯。冒號后面的復合句解釋為什么。這里有一個that從句,作instinct的定語。